Fumigation
Fumigation of stored produce in most cases is carried out with Degesch hydrogen phosphide preparations – delicizia, magtoxin, phostoxin. This is due to the limited supply of products registered for fumigation on our market. Different fumigation formulations are used depending on the product and its purpose: pellets, tablets, plates, packages. The active substance in fumigation, phosphine PH3 is separated from delicizia or phostoxin Al(OH)3 and from magtoxin Mg3P2 as a result of reaction with water from the product or air. The temperature determines the speed of the reaction. At temperatures below 5°C, fumigation is permitted only with magtoxin.
Mg3P2 + 6H2O → 3Mg(OH)2 + 2PH3
AlP + 3H2O → Al(OH)3 + PH3
Fumigation at high temperature and humidity, the reaction proceeds quickly and it is possible to reach explosive concentrations of phosphine. In case of compacted, compacted and self-heated grain, phosphine is not distributed evenly in the grain heap, as a result of which the effect of fumigation is weak and the risk of explosion and fire is high.
Fumigation of stored products in warehouses and silos
In silos with active ventilation, fumigation is carried out without transferring grain from cell to cell. Gas reactors, recirculation methods, so-called (J-System) are used, ensuring fast action, absence of residues of the preparation, excellent effect, short quarantine period. If necessary, it is possible to add CO2 to the fumigation process.
In silos without ventilation, fumigation is carried out when transferring grain from cell to cell. The preparation is applied through Detia Degesch dispensers. With a small height of the silos or grain heap, fumigation can be carried out using pneumatic probes.
When fumigating in flat warehouses, the preparations are applied using probes. After the hydrogen phosphide preparations are applied, the surface of the grain is sealed with polyethylene foil provided by the fumigator.
When fumigating grain, the free capacity and the outer walls of the warehouse are treated.
If required by the Client, fumigation is carried out using preparations and methods without residual amounts of pesticides in the fumigated products.
After the exposure period, the grain is degassed. The residual amounts of toxic gas are measured with gas analyzers, which should not exceed 0.1ppm.
To achieve a good effect from fumigation, preparatory measures must be carried out.
Fumigation of ships, barges, wagons, containers
Fumigation of grain in ships is carried out with Degesch preparations. The preparations are applied using probes. When fumigating wheat and barley, corn on ships with greater depth of holds, pneumatic probes are used. Thanks to which the application of the preparation can be done at a depth of up to 10-12m. When fumigating sunflower with pneumatic probes, it is not possible to apply the preparation at a depth of more than 6-8 m., due to the usually greater presence of inert impurities. Fumigation of ships with a depth of holds over 12m, and if it is necessary that the exposure does not exceed 3÷4 days, it is recommended to carry out it by gas circulation (J-System).
Fumigation by circulation
In fumigation by gas circulation, a system of pipes is installed in the holds of the ship before loading begins. Pumps are installed to circulate gas throughout the hold. After loading is complete, hydrogen phosphide is added and the pumps are turned on. The recirculation system guarantees uniform distribution of the fumigant, good fumigation effect throughout the depth of the embankment and short exposure.
Fumigation with Fumigation Sleeves
In fumigation with Fumigation Sleeves, Magtoxin plates and Decia Gas EKS B / packages / with the active substance phosphine, it is guaranteed that after degassing there are no residues of toxic substances in the product. When gassing with fumigation sleeves, hydrogen phosphide preparations are placed in special sleeves made of fabric, and other fumigants are in paper plates or packages. The plates and packages are placed on the surface, and the sleeves are placed 2 m deep into the fumigated product after the completion of loading activities.
The fumigation exposure is determined depending on the preparation used, the temperature of the product and the depth of the holds. After degassing, at measured phosphine concentrations lower than 0.1ppm, the preparation is considered to be completely degraded. The solid products of hydrolysis / Mg(OH)2 и Al(OH)3 / are harmless and are separated during grain processing. When fumigation with sleeves, plates or packages, they are collected and destroyed in accordance with the legislation of the country of the unloading port. The fumigation sleeves, plates and packages are used to dispose of the residual products of the hydrolysis of magnesium or aluminum phosphide.
Fumigation is carried out at a location specified by the client after completion of loading operations. The ship’s crew is provided with respiratory protective equipment and gas extinguishing agents for phosphine in accordance with IMO. The necessary documentation issued for fumigation of the cargo is in accordance with all international laws and requirements.